Vaccinations Necessary to the Nation’s Youth Essay

Parents must make many decisions about their child, which vary from what brand of diapers to use to at what age to start a college fund. Parents also take responsibility for their child’s health, including deciding whether or not to vaccinate. Immunizations serve as the most efficient way to prevent possible life threatening diseases, including mumps, Hepatitis B, and polio, from affecting children, not only during adolescence, but also throughout their adult lives. Parents need to make the informed decision to vaccinate their children. If asked about the subject of immunizations, almost any medical doctor will promote vaccination as the most effective intervention of modern medicine which prevented more suffering and saved more lives†¦show more content†¦Jenner’s breakthrough, vaccine use feverishly spread in several developed countries. Seeing the good vaccinations did for public health, in 1905 the United States Supreme Court concluded, â€Å"†¦compulsory vaccination laws by states and municipalities were constitutional† (Binski 10). By the mid-twentieth century, the elimination and control of diseases such as small pox and polio led towards mass immunity through the use of vaccines, and to date, vaccines are credited with safeguarding humans from over twenty once-deadly diseases. Vaccines, though very beneficial, â€Å"†¦are only beneficial when administered to the masses† (Binski 10). This characteristic made compulsory vaccination the standard or highly recommended in most well developed countries, so as to create heard immunity (Binski 12). Common vaccines recommended to U.S. children include: (1) DPT vaccine: composed of diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and whole-cell killed pertussis; (2) OPV: the oral polio vaccine; (3) MMR: composed of weakened live measles, mumps, and rubella (also known as German measles) viruses; (4) Hib: haemophilus influenza type B; and (5) hepatitis B: a genetically engineered virus vaccine (Rozario 2). Newly recommended vaccines in the U.S. include the 2009 H1N1 Vaccination (United States 2009 H1N1) and two types of HPV immunizations, Ceravix, made by GlaxoSmithKline, and Gardasil, made by Merck (United States, HPV Vaccine). Over the years, law makers in all fifty states have madeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Vaccinations Should be Mandatory in the State of California1901 Words   |  8 Pages Vaccinations should be mandatory for all children within the State of California as this will reduce the death rate associated with preventable communicably infectious diseases. Routine vaccinations during early developments have been historical proven to reduce the onset and spread of potentially infectious microbial agents. According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention, â€Å"Vaccines have reduced some preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low, and now few peopleRead MorePrograms Offering Food and Medical Assistance1351 Words   |  5 Pageseducation program designed to meet each child’s needs the child receives a physical and dental examination with follow up services are necessary. The children also receive snacks and nutritious meals. The program offers center and home based services in the seven counties. 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Woolworths Financial Ratio Report Analysis - Accounting...

Woolworths Financial Ratio Report Liquidity, Solvency and Profitability Abstract This report consists of ratio calculation and analysis of Woolworths’ liquidity, solvency as well as profitability. Liquidity ratios include current ratio, quick asset ratio and inventory turnover. Solvency ratios include debt to total asset and interest coverage. Profitability ratios include return on owners’ equity, payout ratio, return on assets, return on sales, asset turnover, cash return on sales and operating expense ratio. Ratio Calculation | Formula | Calculation $M | Results | | | 2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | Current Ratio | Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities | 5,802.16,766.2 | 6,326.98.022.2 | 0.86 : 1 | 0.79 : 1 | Quick Asset†¦show more content†¦This may be caused due to: * Increase in assets that are held for sale to $376.70M from $93.90M * Decrease in cash from $1,519.60M to $833.40M used to pay off external borrowings and pay out dividends. Woolworths is facing a problem in paying back its short-term liabilities using its most liquid assets. Inventory Turnover Inventory turnover measures the company’s efficiency in turning its inventory into sales. Its purpose is to measure the liquidity of the inventory (Carey, 2009) Woolworths has shown increasing inventory turnover from 10.88x in 2011 to 10.97x in 2012. Generally, the higher the inventory turnover, the better the liquidity. The lower ratio in 2011 implies poorer sales since the cost of sales in is $39,050.00M, lower than $40,792.40M in 2012. However, the improvement in inventory turnover may indicate ineffective buying – Woolworths buys too often in small quantities, with higher buying price. Typically, low inventory turnover shows inefficiency in controlling inventory levels or stock pile-up but this is not the case with Woolworths. Its inventory turnover ratio in 2012 shows improvement despite higher average inventory of $3,717.40M in 2012 than $3,587.65M in 2011, showing that Woolworths is able to produce stronger sales with higher inventory levels. Higher inventory turnover ratio in 2012 indicates better liquidity while lower inventory turnover ratio in 2011 gives signal ofShow MoreRelatedThe usefulness and Limitations of the corporate annual report, illustrating your answer by reference to one companys most recent Annual Report and Annual Review Documents.1437 Words   |  6 PagesCorporate Annual reports are produced by companies every year to be filed at companies House by Law and they are sent to its shareholders in order to inform them on their success throughout the year of trading. 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PHI Summative Assessment Free Essays

Introduction Health is defined as the stage of being physically, mentally and socially sound. To elaborate, health is both the inner and outer state, the stage of being free of diseases, the state of the soul, being more optimistic and not giving up in any kind of difficulties.(Manni, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on PHI Summative Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Health promotion is an important and crucial factor that is required to develop a healthy society. It can be defined as the process of making of people aware about their health, understand the risk factors associated with adverse health effects, as well as educating people and implementing a wide range of social and environmental interventions to improve their health and encouraging them to live a healthy life (Naidoo and Wills, 2009). Promoting health through interpersonal relationship is an endeavour to take control of an individual’s health determinant which includes social behaviour, economic and environmental conditions. This involves a health professional with the knowledge, attitude and the skills to influence clients through communication on how to improve their health and maintain a productive life. (Naidoo and Wills, 2009). Thus health professionals play a central role in uplifting individual’s health status. For instance, health care professionals can make p eople aware about the risks associated with smoking and alcohol, risk of practising unsafe sex, risk associated with high fat and calorie rich diet etc. In this report, the factors that may influence individual’s health, concept, attitude and behaviour are highlighted. Furthermore, the role of social and health workers in improving individual’s health and well being are reviewed. The health professional with self awareness and interpersonal skills can effectively communicate with people to achieve therapeutic benefits. Also, they can educate and inform people to achieve a positive outcome of holistic health using the fundamental aspect of care. Overall, the goal of therapeutic communication is to help clients talk about and resolve their feelings and problems related to health, illness, treatments, and nursing care (Craven Hirnle, 2007). This main of this assignment is to analyse the interaction between a social worker and a pregnant service user (a mother named Kim) who was a drug and alcohol dependant, and as a result of her addiction, her three children from the previous relationship were taken away from her care. This is because, she was found irresponsible about her children and was not providing enough care and support to her children. Factors that affected Kim’s way of living and its affect on her life and health There are several factors that may influence an individual concept of health which include, psychological and lifestyle issues. This was evidenced in the DVD clip of â€Å"Someone To Watch Over Me†, where it was witnessed that the drug and alcohol addiction made her to neglect her own children, and as a result, they were removed from her care by social services. In the DVD, it was also shown that she was expecting a fourth child with a new partner, Adam who had mental health issues. In this example, it was evidenced that Kim’s lifestyle choices, i.e. her way of living her life, made her the alcohol and drug addict. This had a significant impact on her family life. Moreover, the influence of the society could have been another major factor that would have pushed her to adopt the lifestyle she was living. The societal factors that could have contributed to Kim’s way of living life could be the kind of people living in her society, their educational and economic bac kground The consequences of all these influencing factors directly made an impact on her ability to look after her children, as well as her is a her ability to cope with the demands of her children. The effects of Kim’s way of living can also have serious consequences on Kim’s health. It is now well established that alcohol increases the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke by the biochemical process known as lipid peroxidation. This increases the level of free radicals in the circulation leading to the formation of atherosclerotic plague. Similarly smoking clogs the arterial flow of blood and leads to ischemia (Laslett, et.al. 2012). Thus, her tendency to smoke alarmingly increases her risk of acquiring coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer and respiratory disease. Substance abuse-involving drugs, and alcohol, or both- are associated with a range of destructive social conditions, financial problems, lost productivity, failure in school, domestic violence, child abuse, and crime (Health people.gov). To conclude, the impact of Kim’s way of living life can be really big and can bring serious consequences to her personal and social life. According to research, the risk factors associated with substance misuse can result in mental health and behavioural issues which were also evidenced in Kim’s lifestyle (Vivancos, et.al. 2013). Other research have indicated the link between coronary heart disease and various psychological factors including stress, depression, lack of social support and anger (Stansfied and Marmot, 2001; Naidoo and Wills, 2009). Although these links are yet to be established fully, these factors may encourage people to involve in drug, alcohol and smoking additions which are found to have direct links with heart attack, stroke, cancer, respiratory diseases. The impact of these factors on Kim’s unborn baby also cannot be neglected. As stated earlier, Kim’s current partner had a history of mental health illness, which although is manageable, can be hereditary and transfer to her unborn baby through her partner. Nurnberger, et.al (2003) suggested a genetic relationship between depression and alcohol dependence in some families. In the study they found that both alcoholism and depression can be genetically transmitted having a direct effect on the offspring. This can affect the baby’s personal and mental development, which can affect the baby’s development throughout the life. More so, prenatal and perinatal risk factors have been associated generally with behaviour problems in children. Maternal substance use, specifically smoking during pregnancy and persistence smoking during and after pregnancy, has been associated with conduct disorder in girls and boys (Romans Seeman, 2006). Although Kim’s lifestyle choices may have been influenced by her social and community network, however, Kim lacked social and community support. She wasan unemployed full time mother who was unable to cope with the demands of her three children on her own. She did not seem to have a social support network from her friends or family to assist her with her three children before they were removed by social services. She had no educational backgrounds and not aware of social support network available which could have educated and supported her in dealing with issues relating to her health. Based on the video clip, these are other reasons why she might have started taking excessive drugs, alcohol and smoking as coping mechanism. Culture is both influencing and influenced by universal values, emotions and feelings that people may share across different groups within the same culture or in some cases, across cultures (Peace and Corps, 2011). Although the direct role of culture on Kim ’s way of living was difficult to predict, considering the definition by Peace and Corps, it might have influenced her either directly or indirectly. Impact of Kim’s way of living on her children Kim’s lifestyle could not only be a risk to her health, experiencing such event can also be a danger to her children’s future. It can have a major impact on the psychology her children if they see their mother’s way of living her life, which can also impact the lifestyle they might choose to live and may also encourage them to copy the same way of living. The idea that early childhood experience have long-term implications is not new; what is new, however, is the emerging understanding of how early childhood experience can influence biology of the developing child in ways that can influence health, well-being and competence decades later (Hertzman, 1999). Role of a health professional/or a nurse in addressing the issues of Kim and her unborn child The health professional caseload includes the substance misuse, Kim and her partner, Adam’s mental health issues. This is because, these issues put the unborn child in a significant risk of adverse health consequences. As a health professional, a nurse’s duty would be to address Kim’s health and development issues before and after the delivery of the child]. Another issue the nurse can face in Kim’s case could be lack of co-operation during the delivery of the service. There could arise the issues of stress as the nurse can be in fear that her client might not cooperate in the set agreements that would be required while giving her the health service. In Kim’s case, despite the risk, the health professional decided not to put the unborn baby on the child protection register and had empathised with them by giving them a second chance to prove they can be good parents by educating and monitoring them. She was also concerned regarding the risks involved during the trial if anything would happen to the baby. This was the big decision that was made, considering the fact that Kim had been a drug and alcohol addict which also resulted the loss of her right to look after her children and Adam, who had mental health illness. . However, making decisions like this was a part of her role because it involved educating her clients to take charge of their lives and health. Her decision is also supported by the guideline provided by public health agency (2009), which state that a fundamental aspect of health promotion is to empower people to have more control over aspects of their lives that affects their health. and enable them to live in dividually, socially, and economically productive lives. Discussion and Conclusion The DVD clip â€Å"Someone to Watch over Me† portrayed some health risk associated with each character’s lifestyle. Kim was addicted to drug, alcohol and smoking that made her totally irrepsobile towards her children, and thus, were ultimately taken away from her custody. There are other studies that have suggested the similar risk associated with chronic use of drugs and alcohol. Morales (2013) suggested alcohol dependence as a risk factor that can result in suicidal attempt. Furthermore, it suggested that chronic alcohol and drug intake is associated with mental illness such as depression and anxiety. It further suggested that excessive alcohol intake can decrease the person’s self control ability and common sense, thus putting them in a singnificant risk of harming themselves or even creating thoughts of suicidal activities. It was witnessed that children were kept under her custody were starting, and the level of personal hygiene and sanitation was below the standard. The children looked dirty and all them appeared confused, which clearly showed the lack of care and management from their mother. The reason behind this is quite understandable, which is also explained by Craven and Hirnle (2007). They explained the term â€Å"dehumanization† as the process of depriving a person’s personality, spirit, privacy, and other human qualities., whichleads to a stage where an individual neglects the individuality, ignore their specific needs and fail to recognize the importance of their care to the loved onces.To solve the health and social issues associated with Kim and Adam’s conditions, there were objectives set by the health professional with an aim to improving their conditions. A second chance was given where they had to agree upon certain thing in oder to have a fourth child. She and her partner Adam would have to follow a set of rules and sign an agreement to be closely monitored due to Kim’s past irresponsible behaviour However, this decision raised concern to Kim because she had feared that her unborn baby might be taken away from her by the social service care because she had previously failed to manage her three children due to drug and alcohol misuse. Drug and alcohol misuse ruined her life as she went on to lose her all three children as their grown up in extremely miserable condition with lack of food and sanitation. Alchol and drug abuse was the main culprit behind this, which as well affected her health. He had developed a self-reactive and self-destructive over the course of time with chronic abuse of drug and alcohol. The correlation between such behaviours and alcohol and drug abuse was also explained by Morales (2013), and thus, corroborated with Kim’s condition. Although Kim agreed on the certain conditions in order to have a fourth child, however, the decision can be challenging to Kim. Although, she decided to give up her previous way of living her life, to abruptly quit alcohol and drug is not easy and would require a great level of commitment from Kim itself. Health care professionals can help Kim in many ways to bring her back to a normal stage from where she and her newly born child can live a better quality of life In the DVD, Kim was witnessed smoking with her partner. Thus suggested that Kim was still unaware of the adverse health effects the smoking can induce during pregnancy.. One immediate action Kim should take was to quit smoking as she was in her final stage of pregnancy. Smoking in such stage could affect to herself, as well as her unborn child. The child might also be affected after the birth as the effect of smoking can persist longer even after the birth of the child. Communication could be an effective approach to deal with Kim’s condition in building a bridge between a health professional and Kim towards an aspect of achieving a positive progress in her health. References Accessed: December 2013 Bhopal (2007) Bhopal R S. Ethnicity, race and health in multicultural societies. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007. Craven, R. F. Hirnle, C. J. (2007). Textbooks of Basic Nursing: Caroline Bunker Rosdalh Mary T. Kowalski 9 Edition. 2008 Craven, R. F., Hirnle, C. J. (2012). Fundamental of nursing: Human health and function (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: LippinCott William Wilkins. Depatment of work and pensions. Household below average income statistics.London: Department of work pension; 2005. Keating D, Hertman C editors (1999). Developing health and the wealth of nations. Social biological and educational dynamics. New York: the Guildford press. Laslett, L.J., Alagona, P.,Jr, Clark, B.A.,3rd, Drozda, J.P.,Jr, Saldivar, F., Wilson, S.R., Poe, C. Hart, M. 2012, â€Å"The worldwide environment of cardiovascular disease: prevalence, diagnosis, therapy, and policy issues: a report from the American College of Cardiology†, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 60, no. 25 Suppl, pp. S1-49. Marmot M, Wilkinson R G 2006 (eds) Social determinant of health, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford. An overview of factors known to affect health including unemployment, work and social support. Morales, J.C. (2013). Suicide: A permanent decision to a passing problem. United States of America. Palibrio. Copyright. Naidoo J, Wills J 2009 Foundation for health promotion. Page last updated: Thursday, June 06, 2013. Promoting Health: A Practical Guide by Ina Simnett, Linda Ewles Stansfield Marmot 2001 cited in foundation of health promotion Naidoo Jane and Jane willis 2009 Vivancos, R., Abubakar, I., Phillips-Howard, P. Hunter, P.R. 2013, â€Å"School-based sex education is associated with reduced risky sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted infections in young adults†, Public health, vol. 127, no. 1, pp. 53-57. Www. Healthypeople.gov/2020/lhi/substanceabuse.aspx?tab=overview Www.health promotionagency.org.uk/Healthpromotion/Health/section 2.htm. Accessed: December 2013. How to cite PHI Summative Assessment, Essay examples

Continuing Personal and Professional Development free essay sample

It is important that staff continue working on their progress and development of their individual practice, especially in health and social care settings. This process will help increase the staff member’s potential through different types of educational and training opportunities, these extra opportunities will not only benefit the staff members but it will benefit the service users within that setting. By having extra training days and learning new skills, the staff members are able to use those skills and put them into practice for the service users, this can potentially improve the quality of care given. There are many strategies and activities that can be carried out within the workplace to help improve staff development. These strategies are things such as reflective practice and training days. It is crucial that staff continue to develop their practice so that they are able to see how far they have come, what they have achieved and what they need to improve on. We will write a custom essay sample on Continuing Personal and Professional Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reflective practice is put in place in order to improve the quality of the service. When reflecting, they are frequently going over the policies and procedures and any new standards that have been set. This means that are up to date with them which enables them to do their job to the quality that is expected. By regularly reflecting, they are able to see where there has been a lack of knowledge or skills and what they have to improve on. They can work on these as soon as possible to keep the quality of the service at a good standard.Training days are put in places such as schools, hospitals and care homes to make sure that staff members are aware of the current practices and legislations. By going through staff training, staff members gain more knowledge and experience as their able to develop their skills as well as learning new ones. Due to this, they are also able to gain more self-confidence within their practice.

Kiai Marketing Group Laptop Skin Marketing Management Report

Executive Summary Kiai marketing group intends to offer a product promotion service in London, targeting the students of Western. The product entails sticking skins onto laptop lids, bearing graphical advertisements. Kiai intends to make a profit by exploiting the difference between the price paid by advertisers and the pay offered to the student team.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Kiai Marketing Group: Laptop Skin Marketing Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kiai will serve the small businesses of London by providing a means of reaching sections of the student population to promote specialized products. Preliminary research has indicated that the student population is a much sought after demographic. Student governments have limited access to this demographic by preventing marketing companies from advertising on university campuses. This proposal by Kiai marketing Group will offer a new way to reach these 30,000 strong demographic. The main competitors in this industry are The London Free Press, Western News, The Gazette, Orientation Week Packages and Immobile Poster Campaigns. To be able to provide clients with guaranteed exposure, Kiai will world with a core group of highly active and involved western students who are certain to use their laptops every day of the week and in every class. Kiai will source for investors who will take up a laptop skin for the entire eight month duration of the academic year. From an exhaustive analysis of the deals offered by the competition, an investor will pay $1062 per skin for the full academic year. This price will enable Kiai to pay the team members at the determined rate of $10 for a 10 hour work week. It will also enable the realization of a profit of $5,000 in the first year as envisioned by the founder, Roger Mills and to defray for printing costs for the skins, brochures, posters and business cards and other operational and incidenta l expenses. Kiai will pursue an intensive course of marketing and will pursue all promotional channels. Kiai will participate in the Business Opportunities Trade Show for two days in August. This show, attracting between 500 and 1500 people, many of them from the small business community, will be a brilliant and effective opportunity to expose the product. Roger Mills will also enroll in the Small Business Center, in London. This association will provide valuable business plan reviews and networking opportunities. The membership fee of $95 will include a business card display in SBC’s display case and discounted room rentals to hold meetings, providing credibility.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kiai will also procure posters, brochures and business cards at a combined cost of $275 to distribute to potential clients. However, Kiai will not set up a website in the fi rst two years of operation. A website will not add considerable value to this brand as it requires a personal approach to sell the idea. Before Kiai has established a reputation, the site is likely to have few hits, proving to be a poor investment. The price offered of $1,062 is very competitive as it covers an entire eight-month academic period. It is significantly more cost effective than the other options available to small businesses. This medium offers a maximum CPM of $19.65 which is much lower than the average. Introduction Roger Mills of The University of Western Ontario (Western) established Kiai Marketing Group (Kiai) as a marketing firm that aims at providing new and innovative marketing solutions for businesses in London, Ontario. It aims to provide small businesses with a marketing product that reaches groups of Western’s student population. Roger Mills of Kiai has developed laminate laptop skins to use as a form of advertisement space. These skins will bear vari ed promotional messages and graphics affixed to laptop lids. These laptops skins, used in classrooms and around the campus will create exposure for their clients’ products. This advertising specifically targets the students of Western, and the community of London, Ontario, a total population of over 430,000. The marketing will target interested local businesses. The chosen student team bearing the promotions on their laptops will be adequately compensated. A small one-man printing operation in downtown London will manufacture the laminate skins. A prototype skin has already been developed using laminate materials. It has a white adhesive backing that can be easily applied to and removed from laptop lids. This prototype cost $25 to develop. This report will analyze the industry, the competition, the corporate capabilities and consumers to determine the viability of Kiai’s product. It will also offer recommendations to help improve the product’s performance.Advert ising We will write a custom report sample on Kiai Marketing Group: Laptop Skin Marketing Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A financial analysis has also been carried out to determine the right pricing for compensating the students and pricing the product. There is a separate analysis to determine the cost per impression for the product. Analysis Corporate capabilities Kiai marketing Group was established by Roger Mills as a student marketing firm, to engage in product promotion. It operates in London, Ontario. It intends to do this by affixing skins with promotional messages and graphics onto students’ laptop lids. The charges levied on advertisers will partly go to compensating the students. Kiai looks to make a profit by exploiting the difference between the price paid by advertisers and the pay offered to the student team. Kiai will serve the small businesses of London by providing a means of reaching section s of the student population to promote specialized products. This product requires a significant amount of printing and design. However, Kiai will limit operations to its core activity; product promotion. Kiai will outsource all none core activities. Roger Mills will carry out the design of the adverts in conjunction with the clients. A printer has already been identified in downtown London who will handle the printing of the actual skins. A local printing shop has also been identified to undertake the printing of promotional brochures, posters and business cards. This implies that Kiai does not need to outlay capital for printing equipment and expertise. Selection of the team to bear the advertisements will guarantee the highest business exposure. Therefore, the team members have to be highly active individuals who will use their laptop in public places in a consistent manner. They will also be outgoing individuals who are capable of making a small sales pitch in favor of the produ ct upon inquiry. The passive nature of this advertising means that it does not prevent the team members from engaging in other income generating activities. Therefore, it is possible to offer the team the average wage rate earned by students of $10. Kiai will not rent out offices. Roger Mills will utilize the discounted offices offered by SBD as part of the membership deal. Industry analysis The target area of London, Ontario has a target population of over 430,000 people and is the 10th largest city in Canada. Preliminary research has indicated that the student population is a much sought after demographic. Student governments have limited access to this demographic by preventing marketing companies from advertising on university campuses.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This proposal by Kiai marketing Group will offer a new way to reach these 30,000 strong demographic. The municipal and the provincial governments in London were hugely supportive of local small businesses. They factored the future growth of the small business community in the downtown planning criteria. This has led to a large number of small businesses operating in London, which has created a demand for a service such as Kiai proposes to offer. The work week, in London, is 5 days. Kiai’s marketing, however, does not need to stop over the weekends as it is a passive process. The Kiai Marketing Group will only be active during the eight months when Western is in session. This weakness means that it will not be ideal for cases where advertisers wish to reach the student population while away from Western, or to reach the rest of London’s population during these months. The City of London has a population of over 430,000 while the student population at Western is over 30, 000 and growing. The large population of the city means that there is a potential to grow the market in the future to target sections of the public outside of Western. With this large student population, it will be easy to source team members who will bear the laptop skins, and the medium will have a large impression. London small businesses owners have a strong entrepreneurial spirit. Therefore, they are likely to embrace a marketing medium that will offer them the advantage of well-placed niche advertising to reach their clients. The manufacture of the laptop skins is from recycled paper and are themselves recyclable. This environmental consciousness in the product will make an impression on the clients and targets that are environment conscious. The design and printing of the skins provides for three laptop sizes. Laptops that have a lid diagonal dimension of less than 13 inches will not be eligible. Competitive analysis A number of media operating in London will offer stiff comp etition. Some of this media is commercial while some of university affiliation. The London Free Press (LFP) is London’s foremost daily newspaper and averages 226,000 readers every weekday, 250,000 readers on Saturdays and 140,000 readers on Sundays (â€Å"Advertising†). The LFP also has an online readership of 65,000 aged between 18 years and 34 years, with over 4 million page views per month. The distribution of pre-printed advertisements in the daily newspaper is based on designated market zones, corresponding with the advertisers’ target market. Research and analysis of similar media indicates that The LFP may charge in the neighborhood of $3,200 for a one-time front page advert during a weekday (â€Å"Media kit†). A section front page advertisement in black and white would cost $1,400 for each weekday. For smaller advertisements, the cost would be about $380 for each weekday. The LFP also offers online advertising campaigns on its website. A banner pr omotion with a guaranteed 100,000 impressions in a month costs the advertiser $450 a week for at least one month. There are also a number of alternatives in their website ranging from $175 to $450 a week with a minimum six month contract. Western News is Western’s free weekly newspaper and electronics news about Western, catering primarily to staff and faculty, and available to all interested students. They publish a tabloid type paper with thirty four editions every academic year. They dispense 10,000 copies every week to forty news boxes. Advertisements in the Western News could be up to half a page, and prices range from $31.64 for a 2 inch wide advertisement to $497 for a full page. The Gazette is Western’s student funded, student run newspaper published by the USC. Each regular academic week has four separate issues. The Gazette distributes 44,000 papers free of charge each week during the academic year to over 50 drop points on campus. Advertising in the Gazette for one week ranged from $124 for a sixteenth of a page to $1430 for a full page(â€Å"Media kit†). Orientation Week at Western offers interested businesses direct exposure to over 5,000 first-year students over a five-day period. A â€Å"Welcome to western† Package costs $3,000. The company’s logo appears on the Orientation week website main page for this price. The business’s logo appears on 5,000 laundry bags issued to first-year students. There is a banner display with the business’s name at the large orientation week event. A golf cart mounted with a mobile banner advertising the business travels around campus during the week among other promotional activities. Another option available to target Western students is an immobile, framed poster campaign. Poster campaigns were typically owned by media companies, and spaces leased out to businesses targeting Western students. These campaigns are commonly used in university washrooms and the bar or restaurant areas. Depending on the number of frames, locations could be acquired at a cost of $110 per month. Kiai’s product targets small businesses. Advertising investment decisions for small businesses are usually based on perceived value (CPM), results and the originality of the media choice. Although it is difficult to measure the effectiveness of a new advertising campaign, there is an attempted application of reasonable estimates of exposure. Kiai’s form of advertising will make more meaningful impressions compared to the standard, more traditional advertisements offered by the competition. Most of these competitors, especially The LFP and its online edition, and Western News do not have the ability reach segments of the student population. Because many companies experience this difficulty reaching relevant university demographics, Kiai has only a few key competitors. Kiai also has the advantage of being a product initiated within Western and is, therefore, very likely to have preferential treatment from all advertisers originating from the Western community, like The USC. The operational strategy of competing media is to reach as large an audience as possible. Kiai’s strategy should be to reach as many relevant targets as possible. This is done by strategically placing advertisements near interested parties. The greater resources that are available to the other media will not affect Kiai’s strategy significantly. Kiai does not require a massive capital outlay for its operations. Consumer analysis Kiai laptop skin marketing promotion targets the small business community which is truly vibrant in London. These small businesses deal in niche products, which require relevant advertisement placement, for effective marketing. The City also has a vibrant academic side to it with The University of Western Ontario and Fanshawe College which attract thousands of students from outside the city. The presence of larger companies and a fa vorable environment for small business outlook has encouraged a number of entrepreneurs to start small businesses. These businesses benefited from the direct targeting of students at Western. As a result of the small scale of these businesses, most of them operate on a tight budget and are cautious with new investments. These small businesses cater mostly to students, and they would make significant clients. Their reservation with big investment decisions would not be a factor since Kiai offers a cost friendly solution. Western University Students Council (USC) is a nonprofit recreational and educational corporation for student life on campus. It has the objective of getting students involved and to provide the best student experience among research universities. It has the responsibility to organize clubs, university functions and retail spaces in the University Community Center. The USC makes use of the HYPE Street Team to create awareness on various on-campus events, formals, fun draisers and concerts by designing and executing creative promotional strategies. HYPE Street Team will make a significant client since Kiai’s media method is an excellent complement to HYPE’s existing promotional campaigns, It is unlikely that Westerns’ administration would have reservations. Recommendations To be able to provide clients with a guaranteed exposure, Kiai will world with a core group of highly active and involved western students who are certain to use their laptops every day of the week and in every class. These students should also attend homework sessions, meetings, presentations and conferences at which their laptops will be on display. This manner of placement will guarantee clients broad exposure on campus and with everyone that interacts with the core group. Kiai should also conduct surveys around the campus to determine the actual exposure rates. Clients approached with factual data on the proficiency of the medium will be more willing to invest than those required to invest in good faith. Kiai should as part of its sells pitch, emphasize the ability of the team to vocally advocate for the brand upon inquiry. This lends an aspect of human interaction to the media which is an advantage over the competition and a significant differentiating factor for Kiai. There is a change in the size of the laptop skin. It will now be printed in three sizes, 13, 15 and 17 inches, to fit the different laptop sizes common on the campus. It will also allow a larger number of students to be eligible to joining the team. From the nature of the competition, it is advisable not to offer the same product they do but to create a niche product which will be attractive to a select clientele with a relevant target within the student population. For instance, a small business dealing in products that are relevant only to members of one faculty will require that their products are advertised only in that faculty. Kiai will source for investors w ho will take up a laptop skin for the entire eight month duration of the academic year. From an exhaustive analysis of the deals offered by the competition, an investor will pay $1062 per skin for the full academic year. This price will enable Kiai to pay the team members at the determined rate of $10 for a 10 hour work week. It will also enable the realization of a profit of $5,000 in the first year as envisioned by the founder, Roger Mills and to defray for printing costs for the skins, brochures, posters and business cards and other operational and incidental expenses. Kiai will pursue an intensive course of marketing and will pursue all promotional channels. Kiai will participate in the Business Opportunities Trade Show for two days in August. This show, attracting between 500 and 1500 people, many of them from the small business community, will be a brilliant and effective opportunity to expose the product. Roger Mills will also enroll in the Small Business Center, in London. T his association will provide valuable business plan reviews and networking opportunities. The membership fee of $95 will include a business card display in SBC’s display case and discounted room rentals to hold meetings, providing credibility. Kiai will also procure posters, brochures and business cards at a combined cost of $275 to distribute to potential clients. However, Kiai will not set up a website in the first two years of operation. A website will not add considerable value to this brand as it requires a personal approach to sell the idea. Before Kiai has established a reputation, the site is likely to have few hits, proving to be a poor investment. Conclusion The price offered of $1,062 is very competitive as it covers an entire eight-month academic period. It is significantly more cost effective than the other options available to small businesses. This medium offers a maximum CPM of $19.65 which is much lower than the average. Exhibits Table 1: Statistical distribu tion of CPM across competing media Low $1.84 Median $18.79 High $180 Average $51.06 Table 2: Cost outlay Item Cost 10 laptop skin printing at $25 each $250 Trade show participation $750 Team compensation at 15 dollars/hour $4200 SBC membership $95 Printing of 250 business cards $50 100 information brochures b/w $25 100 color posters $50 SBC networking $200 Gross total annual cost $5620 PREFERRED PROFIT = RECEIVED PAYMENTS – EXPENSES Therefore, RECEIVED PAYMENTS = PREFERRED PROFIT + EXPENSES = $5,000 + $5,620 = $10,620 Therefore cost per skin = $1,062 Table 3: Impressions per week Location Attendance Impressions Minimum Average Maximum Class 15 100 100 100 Cafeteria 2 50 75 100 Library 2 50 75 100 Meeting 1 10 10 10 Homework session 1 10 10 10 Home Work 1 10 10 10 Total impressions per week 1730 1830 1930 Calculating the cost per impression based on the maximum exposure Client cost per week = 1062/28 = $37.92 CPM = $ 37.92/1.93 = $19.65 Works Cited â€Å"Advertising.† The London Free Press. https://lfpress.com/. Web. â€Å"Media kit.† The Windsor Star. https://windsorstar.com/. Web. This report on Kiai Marketing Group: Laptop Skin Marketing Management was written and submitted by user Abigail Dixon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Youth Culture essays

Youth Culture essays Culture is the patterns of behavior and thinking that people living in social groups learn, create, and share. It refers to a society or group in which many people live and think in the same ways it also distinguishes one human group from others. For instance youth culture. Youth culture is a very big part of a young adults life. The way young adults dress, what they listen to, what they eat and what they do in their free time shows how their youth culture has influenced them. I think that TV and music has a major role in today's youth culture. Many young adults today listen to what is mostly "popular". For instance, I think hat MTV has a big influence in many of the young adults at my school. If they listen to a song on TRL they'll immediatly start loving that song and listen to it all the time. No matter if it's rap, rock or pop. They'll think it's cool and since everyone else is listening to it they'll love it. For clothes in your young teen years if you wear Abercrombie and Fitch people will think you're cool and you'll be part of the group. Many young adults stress out because of our youth culture. If they don't fit in or are in a group then they'll think that they aren't cool or have any friends. Youth culture is just part of our life. I think that adults are pretty much the ones who make up our youth culture because they are the ones who set up MTV and what will be on MTV. They are the ones who design the clothes and try to advertise it to us so that we wear it. And they are also the ones who choose what songs might be popular so that we start liking them. Many adults don't understand our youth culture now a days. Many of them think that our music is just "noise" and they can't even understand what they are saying when us young adults do understand it and enjoy it. Many of the songs do have a meaning and are not just descriminating women. In my opinion I think songs that descriminate women are q...

Risk Perception and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Risk Perception and Communication - Essay Example The success of effective communication, especially on the security issues depends on the public confidence and trust in the government agencies. That is how the public perceives the security agencies. Cases of terrorism have raised an alarm and the general public depends on the government to get adequate security. Hence, police services are very crucial for the public to be assured that there is peace and security in the country2. Building and nurturing trust in the communication process is useful in the risk management process. Truthful, open, frank and honest in communication ensures that there is an effective outcome3. Individuals are more likely to deliver information to a person they trust. When the public does not have adequate knowledge of the risk at hand, trust plays a crucial role4. The public has to be given a guideline on how to avoid the risk and they will only follow instructions from a person they trust. Trust also plays a crucial role in public perception about the se verity of the risk that the people may face5. The government has to play a role to ensure that the public is aware of any risk that may occur. Primarily, terrorists’ intention is to generate uncertainty and fear in order to challenge the emergency communication process. When fear is created, the public does not obtain the appropriate information because fear affects the process of communication6. In cases of terrorists attack, the public perception of confidence and trust in the government agencies affects the compliance.

Substantive EU Law-Free Movement of Goods and Parallel Imports Essay

Substantive EU Law-Free Movement of Goods and Parallel Imports - Essay Example As a result, EU states will not impose any trade restriction on member states in relation to imports and exports of goods (Dedman 2010). Even after fifty years, the objectives of EU have not been achieved. The free movement of goods within the EU is still a complicated perspective. There are various hurdles which impede the free movement of goods in the European Union. The main hurdle among them is interpretating general provision of the technical barriers under Article 28 and 29 by the European Court of Justice (the ECJ). Another hurdle is related to the exceptions to the general provisions of Article 28 and 29 that is based on Article 30 and the mandatory requirements of Cassis de Dijon which is arising from the ECJ (Lelieveldt and Princen 2011). Furthermore, parallel import is one of the major phenomena in the international trade because on one hand, it follows market laws strictly and on the other, it is not completely controlled by the law. The dilemma is that producers want to maintain a difference in the prices of goods among different countries, whereas consumers want to pay same price. Here, parallel import can be defined as goods which are produced and sold legally and then exported. There is nothing illegal about the parallel imported goods but as native entrepreneurs sell same goods at higher price, they don’t like this completion. ... free movement of goods, services, capital and people. EU’s internal market is very favorable to increased competition, larger economies of scales and increased specialisation, hence factors of production and goods are freely moved in areas where they are highly valued. Free Movement of Goods One of the major principles of the European Union’s internal market is free movement of goods. This principle deals with removal of national barriers to the free movement of goods within EU. In various fields, such barriers have been removed through harmonisation, like medical devices, vehicles, gas appliances, pharmaceuticals, metrology, chemicals, electrical equipments, construction products, toys, textiles, pressure equipments, footwear, and cosmetics. Excluding special circumstances, harmonisation of legislation and provisions of Articles 28 and 29 of the EC treaty control the member states in relation to imposing intra-community trade barriers. These articles can exercise direc t effect and applied by national courts (Pitiyasak 2010). Mutual recognition principle also leads its way through these provisions. It implies that if the sector is non-harmonised then goods which are legally marketed and accepted in another member state must be accepted by every member state. The application of this principle can only be challenged in some exceptional cases, like environmental issue, health and public safety. In such cases, even the derogatory measures are considered to control the free movement of goods (Andenas and Roth 2002). All measures along with Article 28 and Article 29 are having equivalent effect between the member states in relation to imposing quantitative restrictions on imports, exports and

Behavior Factors in the Criminal Justice Workplace Essay - 1

Behavior Factors in the Criminal Justice Workplace - Essay Example When the upper management makes good decisions they ensure that the community has an effective justice system and also the lower managements are able to imitate their business behaviors, but a corrupt upper management system will negatively affect the lower management and the community. Culture may also be one of the biggest factors that affect the criminal justice system in the police department whereby diversity in the department reveals that there is less likelihood of disagreements between both the officers and the suspect or victims when there is a language barrier. Diversity in the police department has an advantage since individuals who may be witnesses or victims may feel more obliged to give information to the police officer. Law goes hand in hand with the criminal justice work place since the officers are expected to uphold the law at all times. However, there are officers who think that since they are the law enforcers they are above the law which is an issue, but in accor dance to the law when the officer commits an offence he or she should be treated in the same way as an individual who broke the law and was not an enforcement agent of the law. Stakeholders play an important role too as they determine how the internal and external relations of the system function. The influence of this factor in the criminal justice workplace mainly leadership creates a working pattern which ensures the accomplishment of the departments goals and objectives. (Stojkovic, Kalinich & Klofas, 2007).  

A Teachers Self Reflection

A Teachers Self Reflection There are some careers that I will never be good at. For example, I could never be a doctor, or an accountant. And dont you dare try to get me a job as a farmer or a factory worker. However, there has been one career that has always had my attention, and the older I get, the more I realized I was made to be a part of that profession. I first decided I wanted to be a teacher when I was six years old. This might be a little too young to really choose a career, but I realize now that Ive never lost my passion for teaching. After doing the Strengths Quest activity for class, I was a bit confused on the strengths that showed up at the end. When the two classes got together to discuss what they all meant, I got the same feedback for all of my strengths, This is a strength that most good teachers possess. Some people think it is silly that a simple test you can take in 30 minutes could help you decide what you want to do for the rest of your life, but according to the millions of schools th at use the Strengths Quest to help students decide on a major, it is far from foolish to believe that 30 minutes can help you get started on the rest of your life. Futuristic When I first got my results, it was hard to figure out how having Futuristic as a strength would benefit me in my choice to become a teacher. Why would I need to be futuristic when I have already reached my goal of becoming an educator? After a lot of thinking, and reading about this strength a few times, I realized that being futuristic didnt just mean looking into my future with great detail, but helping others take a glimpse into their future, and helping them reach the goals they wish to achieve. Its easy to convince others that anything is possible, when I truly believe that. In the past, there isnt really a time when I could say that having this strength has hurt me, other than the fact that people may tend to think that I am foolish for being so optimistic in my aspirations. Looking into the future and knowing what I want has only helped me become more focused on getting where I want to be. It keeps me from straying from my goals, and helps me make smarter decisions when it comes to other aspects of my life such as my friends and free time. Consistency Consistency could be my most important strength when it comes to being a teacher. It basically says that everything needs to be fair. I dont like when people are favored for any type of reason. It also says that a person with this strength treats everyone equally by having clear rules and applying them consistently. This is obviously a trait that all teachers should possess. Im sure weve all had at least one teacher in our lives that had her favorite student. And not only do you grow to hate that teacher, but you hate that favorite student even more. It is hard to learn values such as playing fair, and treating others equally when the person teaching you to do so, doesnt practice it themselves. Growing up, having this strength actually hurt me in as many ways as it helped me. When I was younger I always had so much jealousy when someone was favored over me, or got more attention. I grew out of this, but I remember that sometimes I would actually lose friends because of those tendencies. I know now that it was silly to be jealous of someone for something so little, and now I know to just look past it, and that you cant be EVERYONES favorite. Now, I use this trait in a positive way. For example, when I see that someone is being favored over someone else, or is getting all the attention, I also make it a point to approach that person and make sure that they get a little attention as well. I think everyone deserves to feel admired, so I do what I can to make them feel important. A teacher should always adopt a fair attitude, when it comes to making any form of evaluations. He should be fair to his profession and assess students on their performance, instead of personal rapports and likings (Greer, 2004). This was in an article written about a study that was held at The University of Memphis. The study was about the qualities students want to see most in a teacher. This was second or third on the list. Great teachers have clear, written-out objectives. Effective teachers have lesson plans that give students a clear idea of what they will be learning, what the assignments are and what the grading policy is. Assignments have learning goals and give students ample opportunity to practice new skills. The teacher is consistent in grading and returns work in a timely manner (McEwan, 1999). This is another source that explains the importance of being fair. Being fair and consistent is always important, but when it comes to educating our youth, it is something that s hould be stressed. Woo Woo stands for Winning Other Over. This is a strength that I knew I had before I even participated in the StrengthsQuest activity. In the theme description, it talks about how people with this strength love meeting new people. They dont believe in strangers, just friends they havent met yet. If there was one strength that I would have to choose over all the others, it would be this one. This is also a very important trait that you can have when you are trying to become a teacher. First of all, you meet new kids every year. This means tons of names, faces and attitudes to remember. Secondly, in the description, it talks about how you have to work the room. When youre in the classroom, all of the attention is going to be on you, and what youre doing/saying. There are ups and downs to having this as a trait. Its great sometimes because I always meet new people and make new friends, but it can sometimes give people the impression that I have shallow friendships and dont have any deep connection with others. However, as youll find out later, I have no problems forming strong connections with people that I care about. Input This strength confused me the most, only because I didnt fully understand what it meant. After reading over it a couple of times, I started to see how it really described me pretty well. It talks about how people with this strength are always collecting things. This doesnt just mean material things. You can collect things you cant see as well, such as words, facts, etc. Im an avid reader, and enjoy reading as many books as possible. Other than reading non-stop, I like to learn random facts. There is something about knowing things a normal person wouldnt that really interests me. Its like when youre searching for something on Google, and you dont see what youre looking for, but you found something pretty cool, which lead to another pointless website and so on. This could come in handy when you are teaching because not only can you educate your students on little facts they may not know, but you can help trigger their curiosity and maybe have them reading book after book, or looking up how much a penguin weighs, just because they wanted to know. There are some downfalls to having this as a trait. For those who like to collect material things, it could lead to clutter and make it even more difficult to throw things out since you have so many. Other than that, I think that this trait is harmless. I think its a unique trait and that more people should enjoy collecting random facts and words. Relator As my last strength, I got Relator. This basically means that I enjoy making strong connections with people, and hold my true friends close to my heart. I always want to know more about the ones that I am close to. I want to know their goals, fears, dream, etc. This can be both beneficial and hurtful for teachers. It is good to get to know your students so that they trust you, and what you are teaching them. You want them to enjoy coming to school every day and you hope they look forward to seeing you. Unfortunately, this can be painful to you as a teacher because you make such great connections with the children, and then at the end of the school year, that may be the last time you ever see them, and you have to start the whole process over the next year. This is a risk that relators have to take. They have to risk getting hurt by those that they care about in order to really get the deep connection they are looking for. Always wanting to form close relationships with people has actually helped and hurt my ambitions. Knowing that I will have to meet new kids every year makes me shy away from becoming a teacher. However, I have always wanted to become the teacher that everyone remembers. I know how powerful teachers can be, and I want to have an impact, even if its just on one person. I want to be remembered in a positive person that helped someone shape their life, or help them decide on the person they wanted to be. Information cant be transmitted without a solid connection, and neither can knowledge. You need to form a connection with each and every student (Unknown, 2008). Creating that special bond with your students, and knowing who they are as a person really helps you to educate them they way you should. It is hard to teach a stranger something they dont really want to know in the first place. Conclusion There are definitely some flaws I will have as a teacher; however, I think that my strengths will help me become the teacher I would like to be. Everyone goes through stages where they just have no idea what they want to be when they grow up, fortunately, thanks to the StrengthsQuest activity, its a little easier for me to see that I was born to teach.

Rev. Richard Johnson :: essays research papers

Reverend Richard Johnson In a land intended to be dumping grounds for Britain’s moral filth, Reverend Richard Johnson worked hard at laying the foundations of Christianity in Australia. Born in 1757 at Welton, England, he was educated at Magdalen College, Cambridge. He graduated with a BA in 1783, and was appointed a deacon and priest by the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1786. Only five months before the First Fleet set sail, Richard Johnson was recommended and approved for the position of Chaplin, to establish the Church of England in Australia. Governor Phillip saw Johnson’s job as a "moral policeman" to the convicts, but the chaplain viewed his position as a door of opportunity to preach the Gospel to the "dregs of humanity." His work began even before the ship landed, and his moral nature displayed. Johnson found the ship's company very disrespectful and profane and targeted this in his teaching. On the following Sunday it was noted that for days afterwards their behaviour had improved. On Sunday the 3rd of February 1788, Johnson preached his first sermon to a crowd of both soldiers and convicts. Being a result of the Evangelical revival in England, Johnson laboured for their salvation and tried to encourage goodness in them. He requested the help of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, who provided him with 4200 books in total for the new colony, including Bibles, Testaments, Prayer Books, Catechisms, Psalters, and religious booklets against common sins. His job was not an easy one as he was meant to carry out many duties placed upon him by the Governor as well as the mission of his own. Johnson’s duties included officiating at hangings and acting as magistrate when needed. In the first five years, he conducted 226 baptisms, 220 marriages and 851 funerals. One of Johnson’s obstacles was the lack of support he received. He and his wife, Mary, lived in a cabbage palm hut for the first three years while the Governor had two mansions. Many times his family was short of food and in addition to his regular duties; he worked on his farm to provide for his family. Richard Johnson was a compassionate man who even took an Aboriginal girl, who had contracted smallpox, into his home for several months. This trait made Australia appear as a destination unsuitable for him, but at the same time, he was the best man for the job.

Lifting the corporate Essay

The international company which called Buildco Ltd establishes a new company in Australia which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Buildco. The purpose of incorporating the subsidiary is to solve the problem of sourcing debt finance in the international marketplace. However, the property development project which is undertaken by Buildco and funded by Asset Pty Ltd is financially unviable. Consequently, the Buildco expects that the Asset could write-off the loan as a bad debt and claim a tax deduction. Nonetheless, the Commissioner of Tax disallows the deduction for the bad debt because of the significant degree in the overlap in the management of both companies and the very large degree of control over the directors. In order to determine that whether the bad debt can be deducted, the relationship between Asset Pty Ltd and Buildco Ltd should be analyzed. Case analysis * Statute law According to the statute law, it is likely that the subsidiary company (Asset Pty Ltd) would not write-off the loan to the parent company (Buildco Ltd) as a debt and could not claim a tax deduction for that debt. After lifting the corporation veil by making the holding company liable for the debts of its subsidiary where there are reasonable grounds for suspecting than the subsidiary is insolvent at the time of incurring the debt. In this present case, due to the failed project which is funded by the Asset Pty Ltd, the Buildco Ltd is financially unviable which lead to the company has to close down the business. As a result, it may be not feasible to solve the dispute through statute law. * Case law Type of companies Companies operate in both private and public sectors of the economy and come in all sizes, large and small. Doubtlessly, the Buildco Ltd is a public company, and the later set up company which called Asset Ltd Pty is a proprietary. Incorporation Corporation group It is more likely to be a number of companies which are associated by common or interlocking shareholdings, allied to unified control or capacity to control. We all know that in many respects a group of companies are treated together for the purpose of general accounts, balance sheet and profit and loss account. They are treated as one concern. This is especially the case when a parent company owns all the shares of the subsidiary – so much so that it can control every movement of the subsidiaries. These subsidiaries are bound hand and foot and must do just what the parent company says. However, it is not absolute that whether treat the parent company and a wholly owned subsidiary as a continuum. In special circumstance, the parent company and subsidiary company could not be treated as an integral structure. In the course of Buildco’s strategic plan, the corporation group is built to solve the problem of souring debt finance. Indeed, the corporation group not only solve s the problem in securing credit, but also success to avoid the influence of the international financial crisis. That is, corporate group is a modern enterprise organization form which uses the Buildco Ltd (parent company) as the core of economic organization. Parent and subsidiary companies Besides, it is prevail that a large numbers of businesses are conducted by companies which share common directors. Such as the Buildco Ltd in the case have its subsidiaries in more than 10 countries. Subsidiary company is half of the shares are controlled by the parent company. That is to say, most of subsidiary’s property was controlled by the parent company, but the subsidiary and the parent are still separate legal entities, with all its assets shall undertake limited liability for its debts, the parent company is based on its capital contribution or subsidiary to the holdings of shares in the limit of responsibility. As to the Buildco Ltd is the holding company which controls the subsidiary’s (Asset Ltd Pty) board of the director and also is in position to cast or control maximum votes at subsidiary’s general meeting. Agency relationship The agency relationship between a company and its controller is the ground most frequently argued. Indeed, agency relationship between the parent company and the subsidiary must be consistent with the following six questions: 1. Were the profits treated as the profits of the parent? Yes. In this view, the subsidiaries company (Asset Pty Ltd) will be treat all of the profits as a dividend to the parent company (Buildco Ltd). 2. Were the persons conducting the business appointed by the parent? Yes. In this present case, all decision are decided by the parent company (Buildco Ltd) and then implemented by the subsidiaries company (Asset Pty Ltd). 3. Was the parent the head and brain of the trading venture? Yes. The three directors of the subsidiaries company (Asset Pty Ltd) come from the board of parent company (Buildco Ltd). In other words, the directors should simultaneously manage the two companies. Namely, the directors overlap in management of both companies. 4. Did the parent gover n the venture; decide what should be done and what capital should be used? Yes. During the board meeting, the directors of the parent company (Buildco Ltd) passed a resolution that allowed the subsidiaries company (Asset Pty Ltd) to implement a strategic. 5. Did the parent make the profits by its skill and direction? Yes. It is conspicuous to discover that the parent company (Buildco Ltd) was established in 1950, and become the one of the world’s leading international building companies via its own skills. 6. Was the parent in effectual and constant control? Yes. The case shows that the CEO of the parent company (Buildco Ltd) has been helm the company for nearly 20 years. In addition, the parent company (Buildco Ltd) made a large profit and strict policy. In summary, there is an agency relationship between the parent company (Buildco Ltd) and the subsidiaries company (Asset Pty Ltd). That is to say, they can be treated as a single legal entity, so the subsidiary company (Asset Pty Ltd) would not write-off the loan to the parent company (Buildco Ltd) as a debt and could not claim a tax deduction for that debt. Instead, there is a similar case which is called Commissioner of Taxation v BHP Billiton Finance Ltd (2010), the court held that the bad debt can be deducted due to the fact that the Commissioner’s submissions denying the separate legal existence of Finance Ltd. However, there are two differences between the two cases. Firstly, in the Commissioner of Taxation case, the reason of building the subsidiary company is not only solves the problem of sourcing debt finance, but also deals with the third parties. In contrast, the subsidiary company (Asset Pty Ltd) has no deal with other companies, except the parent company (Buildco Ltd). In addition, in the case of Commission, the BHP Billiton Finance Ltd makes use of the loan in both operational activity and new project, but the Asset Pty Ltd is only fund to the project of parent company. So these two case cannot be seen as the same. Corporate veil and veil-piercing Corporate veil The corporation veil can be trusted as a theoretical screen which descends on the company when it is descend and, ordinarily, prevents outsiders from peeping in to see who is in charge or control of the company. In other words, company as a legal person must be independently with all its capital contribution shall undertake liability for its legal actions and debts of the company’s shareholders is limited to its investors assume limited liability to the company. Lifting the corporate veil An examination of the Australia law concerning lifting the corporate veil on the basis of an implied agency reveals that control, even overwhelming control, of a company is not sufficient to create an implied agency between the company and the controller. Through lifting the veil of corporation, it reveals that each company within the company is responsible for its own debts. However, in this case, the corporation veil would not need to lift due to the fact that it not fits the requirements of piercing veil. Indeed, there is no sham, fraud, avoid tax, trade with enemy; avoid legal obligation, and puppet. Conclusion In conclusion, with reasons stated above, the subsidiary company (Asset Pty Ltd) would not write-off the loan to the parent company (Buildco Ltd) as a debt and could not claim a tax deduction for that debt. Bibliography 1. Harris J, Hargovan A and Adams M Australian Corporate Law, 3rd ed 2011 LexisNexis Butterworths. 2. Limited liability exception – the UK’s â€Å"lifting the veil of the Company†, < http://www.law-walker.net/detail.asp?id=4511>. 3. Judy Maguire and Anna Lenahan. (2006). AML — international comparisons and lessons. Financial Services Newsletter (newsletter), 2006:Volume 4 No 9. 4. Professor Sharon Christensen and Professor Bill. (2012). lifting the joint venture veil: liability of related entities for misleading conduct of agents engaged by joint venture partners. DuncanAustralian Property Law Bulletin (newsletter), 2012: Volume 26 No 8. 5. Ramsay I and Noakes D. (2001). Piercing the Corporation Veil in Australia. company and securities law journal, 2001: Volume 19 No 250. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Australia Statute Law, s558v [ 2 ]. Walker v Wimborne (1976) 137. [ 3 ]. Limited liability exception – the UK’s â€Å"lifting the veil of the Company†, < http://www.law-walker.net/detail.asp?id=4511> [ 4 ]. Lonrho ltd. v. Shell Petroleum Co., Ltd. (1980). [ 5 ]. Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd (1897) AC22. [ 6 ]. Australia Corporation Law, s46. [ 7 ]. Ramsay I and Noakes D, ‘piercing the Corporate Veil in Australia’ (2001) 19 Company and Securities Law Journal 250. [ 8 ]. Smith Stone & Knight Ltd v Birmingham Corp (1939) 4 ALL ER116. [ 9 ]. Smith stone &Knight Ltd v Briminghan Corp (1939) 4 All ER 116 [ 10 ]. Commissioner of Taxation v BHP Billiton Finance Ltd (2010) 182FCR [ 11 ]. Harris J, Hargovan A and Adams M Australian Corporate Law, 3rd ed 2011, LexisNexis Butterworths [182] [ 12 ]. Winland enterprises group inc. v Wex pharmaceuticals inc. (2012) HKCA 155. [ 13 ].

Sociology of Family essayEssay Writing Service

Sociology of Family essayEssay Writing Service Sociology of Family essay Sociology of Family essay1)   The movie characterizes the structure and functions of African-American families through the trials of a large African-American family, which is focused on maintaining the established longstanding family traditions.   However, these family traditions are fading away when some serious problems appear in the family, e.g. Mother Joe’s debilitating stroke, Lem’s failure to find a job, tensions in relationship between the family members and other problems.2)   The movie characterizes gender (manhood, womanhood, relationships between the two) and intergenerational (relations between different generations) relations in African-American families through interpersonal communication, which reflects human lie and injustice. Teri, Lem, Bird, Kenny, Maxine and Ahmad demonstrate their negative character traits.3) The movie depicts the links between African-American families and institutions of the wider society such as the world of work, the white world, and law enforcement, etc. through certain challenges faced by family members. For example, Lem fails to find a job because of his criminal history. Teri wants her cousin Blimp to give Lem a lesson.   There are many other examples.4) The movie suggests that the history of African-Americans in the U.S has had powerful impacts on African-American families. Traditional African American food is part of the history of African Americans in the U.S., e.g. the so-called soul food. The cultural traditions are reflected in soul food tradition. The film describes the particular food that is associated with the lives of modern day Chicago families.5) The movie shows the tensions in relationships between young people that might be helpful in explaining the statistical data on the relatively low percent of families with married couples found among African Americans.6) I find the characterization of African-American families to be consistent with my understanding of the course readings on African-American families. Food has been shown as an integral part of African American culture. The characterization of the sense of identity of African Americans and the role of African American community play an important role in the life of each family.7) I have one question about the movie that you would like to discuss. This question is â€Å"How does the film â€Å"Soul Food† (1997) reflect race, class and legacy of slavery?†1) Prof. Banks is focused specifically on marriage patterns within the black â€Å"middle class† of educated professionals because the decline in marriage involved not only the poor, but also doctors, lawyers and other categories of educated people. According to the author, â€Å"black women of all socioeconomic classes remained single in part because the ranks of black men have been decimated by incarceration, educational failure and economic disadvantage† (Bank, 2011, p.1853).2) Prof. Banks conducts his research based on the i nterviews.   He collects various types of data regarding black marriage decline, including judicial decision, governmental policies, economic data, etc. He collects data from various sources, including documentation, books, newspaper articles, journal articles, legal cases, films, etc. There are certain problems with the data because the content of sources differs, providing different information on the required issues.3) Prof. Banks think marriage is faring among the black middle class because of certain social, historical and economic challenges. Some of the statistics offered by Prof. Banks to document his claims about the status of marriage in the black middle class include various facts, such as in 1970s, â€Å"25 % of black children in the U.S. were born to unmarried parents† (Banks, 2011, p. 1856). Besides, the 2010 Survey shows that â€Å"half of black couples divorce within the first ten years of marriage; two out of every three black marriages are dissolved† (Banks, 2011, p. 1856).4) Prof. Banks diagnosis of roots of the marriage problems in the Black Community is focused on the effects of slavery because slavery had negative impact on gender relations of African Americans. Prof. Bank’s ideas about the impact of economic struggles of working class black men are clear as these struggles lowered the marriage rate of affluent black men. Black women’s responses make the problem worse because of reduction of benefits on marriage.5) Prof. Bank’s proposal that black women marry outside the race is comprehensive and appealing. This proposal is supposed to solve the marriage problem, producing new opportunities for the growth of marriage rate.6) Low marriage rates in the black community are an issue. Black people have other problems, but the problem of marriage decline affects all areas of activity. It is not a distraction factor. Black people and their communities are missing out on the growth of African American populati on, if they don’t marry.1)   The film suggests that the Sanchezs see family as an important part of their Hispanic identity. There are some scenes from the movie that illustrate what family means to the Sanchezs, e.g. Isabel’s pregnancy and her death, Jimmy’s failure to assist his son in getting rid of behavioral problems, Jimmy’s son hatred toward his father, etc. I do not think these are accurate descriptions of Hispanic families.2) Gender and intergenerational relations are important parts of any family. The film says much about those aspects of the Sanchez family because the viewer has an opportunity to observe the role of parental love and childish love. These are accurate depictions of Hispanic Families.3) Immigration shown in the film has impacted Sanchez family life because Maria was pregnant when the immigration agents deported her illegally. These are accurate depictions of Hispanic families.4) There are some other social forces or historical experiences, beside immigrant history, that seem have been important in constituting the Sanchez family. Maria wanted to return to her family. Jimmy and Chucho had close relationships. The film shows the involvement of Hispanic youth in gang violence and criminal activity. These scenes are accurate of the Hispanic experience.5) Maxine Baca Zinn suggests that Hispanic and African-American Families share many similarities. But she says little about differences. Comparing the depiction of the Hispanic family in the movie along with your knowledge of African-American families, it is necessary to define the following differences:   certain differences in family support, the differences in relationships among generations, and some differences in the following of traditional values.

CLC Bioterrorism Essays

CLC Bioterrorism Essays CLC Bioterrorism Essay CLC Bioterrorism Essay CLC Bioterrorism Name: Course: Instructor: Institution: Date: CLC Bioterrorism Part 1: You will assess the value of quarantine and isolation in controlling disease due to biological terrorism. Use a specific example to support your position. Bioterrorism is defined as the intentional discharge of biological agents with the sole intention of causing harm such as disease or death on a target population. In the event of a bioterrorism threat materializing, state authorities as well as the health authority are responsible for directing and ensuring that affected and infected individuals to get relevant and adequate treatment. Quarantine is also necessary in instances of communicable diseases, which have been brought into the country with the aim of making the population ill (National Association of County and City Health Officials, 2006). Quarantine is described as the process of compulsory isolation of individuals in part of the population with the aim of curbing the spread of dangerous diseases or epidemics. This is actualized by physical separation of individuals who latter receive treatment and further tests for the presupposed conditions. During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic, authorities around the world ensured the presence of quarantines in their respective countries with the aim of curbing the spread of the deadly disease. People were subjected to strict quarantine measures with the aim of ensuring that they were in no position to be exposed to those who had not yet contracted the disease (Riley, 2003). Despite the criticism over the restrictive approaches used, this proved to be an advantage as it prevented the spread of a deadly disease that could have infected and eventually killed many people. In addition, isolation is also paramount if individuals exhibit signs of communicable disease, which is deadly to any population, they are quarantined as treated to ensure that the disease does not recur and eventually infect other individuals. Isolation is enforced by state and federal offices with an aim curbing spread of the disease and gaining adequate information about the disease and its traits. Information about biological agents could only be attained through adequate and constant studies of the disease under restrictive conditions such as isolation. Such enables the state and federal laws to develop countermeasures of suppressing the biological agents and the spread of the same. In addition, information about the disease or biological agents is also vital for the organization as i t helps in the development of medicine for neutralizing and reducing the effects of the disease. Part 2: You will list some major factors that emergency managers and public health planners must consider when including quarantine and isolation in public health emergency response plans. The spread of any biological agents is a cause of worry for the population. Hence, governments’ agencies are usually tasked with ensuring that individuals are safe from harm or threats from such agents. Quarantine and isolation is executed with the various considerations in mind. Among such considerations are the legal issues at hand in terms of the individual rights due to involuntary holding of an individual who is considered as a health risk to the country. In addition, health agencies medical practitioners and emergency health agencies should also put into consideration the need for declaration of the spread of the biological agents as an emergency to the state. Such requires adequate legal framework to follow the required processes to ensure that the announcement of an emergency is done so with surety that the biological agent infections amount to such (American Medical Association Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 2008). Furthermore, the means of ensuring adequate restriction should be of adequate consideration to the various legal and individual needs of the populace. Furthermore, restrictions should be in agreement with the infected individual through signatures for the eventual development of binging agreements with the infected of potentially infected individuals. The initial process to quarantine and isolation is usually defined in legal statues of health and emergency agencies. Such ensures that these agencies have a definition of what amounts to use of quarantine and isolation for the suppression of the biological agents. Moreover, considerations such as individual privacy in the event of hospital or institutional quarantine should also be considered to ensure that individuals are able to conduct their private affairs without any fear or invasion of privacy. References American Medical Association Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. (2008). Code of medical ethics of the American Medical Association: Current opinions with annotations. Chicago: AMA Press. National Association of County and City Health Officials. (January 2006). â€Å"Issues to Consider: Isolation and Quarantine.† Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th Edition. Riley, S., Fraser, C., Donnelly, C. A., Ghani, A. C., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Hedley, A. J., Leung, G. M., . Anderson, R. M. (January 01, 2003). â€Å"Transmission dynamics of the etiological agent of SARS in Hong Kong: impact of public health interventions.† Science, 300, (5627).

Teaching foreign language through drama in education-portfolio entry Essay

Teaching foreign language through drama in education-portfolio entry - Essay Example These aspects present the advantages of using drama when teaching foreign languages (BRÄUER, 2002, p.72). Improvising entails applying imagined situation to develop spontaneous interaction. It is essential when teaching language because it enables students to develop creativity, builds confidence to interact with each other and with the instructor, promotes communication, makes the lesson enjoyable as it allows them to relax and have fun, and improves debate and public speaking skills (BYRAM &FLEMING, 1998, p.57). Role playing is one of the major themes in teaching as the student acts as someone else in the context of drama. Role playing is essential because it creates empathy and understanding as one is able to reflect a given issue from the perspective of others. It develops skills related to coping with conflicts and conflict management through team work. Through role playing, it is easier for students to undertake assignments that need creative and critical thinking such as news reporting (WINSTON, 2011, p.51). This aspect of instructing languages utilizes role play and improvisation to come up with a dramatization that is aimed at a specified audience. When teaching language, play building is useful in enhancing teamwork among students, enables students to develop a sense of belonging especially when there is an inclusive learning process, promotes negotiation skills especially in matters related to consensus building, and can be used in lessons involving presentations (BYRAM &FLEMING,1998,p.77). These arts are vital in developing creativity among language students. Students develop superb literary skills in different arenas of literature. Further, they will have sharp skills in story telling, which is essential in languages such as mastering spoken English. In addition, they are useful in developing comprehension